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US scientists have
created a home device that replicates hundreds of complex and expensive lab
tests by analyzing just one drop of blood. The constant monitoring offered by
the device – which needs little training to use – could save millions of lives.
“There are two billion
people on Earth who have no access to ready medical care. We set out to fix
that – by developing a device that allows you to diagnose yourself no matter
where you are,”
said Eugene Chan, who leads the team at DNA Medical Institute, which has
received grants from NASA and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
The rHEALTH (Reusable Handheld Electrolyte and Lab Technology for Humans)
device operates using nano sensors that can measure everything from the
presence of HIV or other viruses in the bloodstream, to the level of vitamins
or calcium or cholesterol, with the results arriving within minutes.
It also comes with a
small patch that monitors heart rate, body temperature, and other indicators,
with the information all being pooled in a central unit, which comes in three
sizes – one resembling a flask, to be used on the move, a walkie-talkie-sized
unit for home testers, and a home-blender-like contraption for labs.
“It’s a symphony of innovations, but we’ve
pushed all of them individually to create the device,” Chan told Wired.
“The rHEALTH technology
is highly sensitive, quantitative, and capable of meeting the FDA’s bar for
sophistication, while still being geared for consumers.”
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Not only are the tests
cumbersome and expensive to do separately, but having so much data in the same
place means that rHEALTH is a diagnostic device.
After submitting the data
– at any time, within the comfort of a person's own house – the screen simply
flashes up with suggestions for what is potentially wrong with the patient,
which means they immediately know whether they need to call a doctor.
While the makers say
their product will help most in developing countries – where laboratories are
few and inaccessible – they could also become accepted, and even standard, in
the West.
For example, according to
Cancer Research, 50,000 people in the UK die needlessly from cancer each year, due
to late diagnosis. An early abnormal blood test could prompt a visit to a
doctor – not to mention the benefits of blood pressure, sugar, and cholesterol
tests for diagnosing the cardiovascular diseases that remain the biggest
killers.
If the devices become
ubiquitous, Chan believes they could create a huge pool of health data,
allowing health providers to allocate resources more efficiently, and giving
researchers a giant, real-time, detailed health database for study.
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Chan’s team has just been
awarded the top US$525,000 prize for the annual Nokia Sensing X challenge, which
is pushing inventors to harvest the power of portable devices – including
phones, bracelets, and cameras – to do more than the basic heart rate and
distance monitoring that they are capable of now.
The prizes are building
up to a US$10 million Tricorder Prize in 2016, which will be awarded to the
makers of a single device – modeled after the Star Trek gadget – that will be
able to simultaneously diagnose 15 key conditions. DNA Medical Institute
believes that it is almost there with rHEALTH, which is constantly adding new
diagnostic capabilities.
But the Holy Grail
remains the commercialization of the project.
Chan says his team can
already ship any researchers their own device within weeks, but before being on
the shelves, it must receive FDA approval, after a battery of expensive lab
trials – though as part of its original proposed role as the NASA onboard diagnostic
device, rHEALTH has already been tested in reduced gravity. Chan is confident
the tester will gain approval, and says his team is currently looking for
manufacturers to scale-up production.
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