Russia
takes the first three places in the women's 1500 metre final in Helsinki (Jeff
Haynes/Photographic treatment: Tony Bell; Image source: UK’s The Sunday Times)
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The
World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) says it is "very alarmed" after fresh
allegations of suspected doping emerged in a leak of test data. The
Sunday Times and German
broadcaster ARD/WRD have obtained access to the results of 12,000 blood tests
from 5,000 athletes. According
to the newspaper, the evidence - which has been seen by the BBC - reveals the
"extraordinary extent of cheating" by athletes at the world's biggest
events.
BBC report continues:
WADA's
independent commission will investigate the claims in the ARD/WRD documentary Doping - Top Secret: The Shadowy World of Athletics.
WADA
president Sir Craig Reedie said his organisation was "very disturbed by
these new allegations... which will, once again, shake the foundation of clean
athletes worldwide".
The
files belong to world governing body the International Association of Athletics
Federations (IAAF), but have been leaked by a whistle-blower.
The
Sunday Times and ARD/WRD used two of the world's "foremost anti-doping
experts", scientists Robin Parisotto and Michael Ashenden, to review the
data.
According
to the experts, the database reveals:
- A third of medals (146, including 55 golds) in endurance events at the Olympics and World Championships between 2001 and 2012 were won by athletes who have recorded suspicious tests. It is claimed none of these athletes have been stripped of their medals.
- More than 800 athletes - one in seven of those named in the files - have recorded blood tests described by one of the experts as "highly suggestive of doping or at the very least abnormal".
- A top UK athlete is among seven Britons with suspicious blood scores.
- British athletes - including Olympic champion heptathlete Jessica Ennis-Hill - have lost out in major events to competitors who were under suspicion.
- Ten medals at London 2012 were won by athletes who have dubious test results.
- In some finals, every athlete in the three medal positions had recorded a suspicious blood test.
- Russia emerges as "the blood testing epicentre of the world" with more than 80% of the country's medals won by suspicious athletes, while Kenya had 18 medals won by suspicious athletes.
- Stars such as Britain's Mo Farah and Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt recorded no abnormal results.
- Athletes are increasingly using blood transfusions and EPO micro-doses to boost the red cell count.
American
Justin Gatlin, a two-time drug cheat, has established himself as the dominant
male sprinter this year, and is favourite - ahead of Usain Bolt - to win 100m
gold in Beijing
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Parisotto
said: "Never have I seen such an alarmingly abnormal set of blood values.
So many athletes appear to have doped with impunity, and it is damning that the
IAAF appears to have idly sat by and let this happen."
According
to Ashenden, the files show that athletics is now in the same "diabolical
position" as cycling during the Lance Armstrong era. He said it was
"a shameful betrayal of [the IAAF's] primary duty to police their sport
and to protect clean athletes".
The
evidence is not proof of doping - but the revelations will raise more serious
questions over whether the sport is doing enough to combat cheating ahead of
the World Athletics Championships in Beijing later this month.
The
IAAF is due to elect a new president in just over two weeks, with Britain's
Lord Coe the favourite to win the election against Sergey Bubka. Coe has made
independent testing a key part of his manifesto.
Former
Olympic pole vault champion Bubka, now IAAF vice-president, told the BBC:
"We will not stop the fight. We know that in the 21st century doping is
the biggest danger and there will be zero tolerance. If we need to strengthen
our rules and regulations we will do it."
Athletics'
world governing body, which has not disputed the authenticity of the database,
told the Sunday Times: "The IAAF has always been at the forefront in
combating anti-doping, searching and implementing new analytical techniques and
methodologies."
The
IAAF said that before the introduction in 2009 of the biological passport - which monitors
longitudinal blood values - its testers had "systematically pursued"
all results that were deemed "atypical" with immediate urine tests
for EPO and then target-tested those athletes in and out of competition.
Since
the introduction of the passport, the IAAF says it has "pursued more cases
under the passport system than all other anti-doping organizations
together", and is spending US$2m a year on combating cheating. "As a
percentage of overall annual budget this is the highest of any sport," it
added.
There
can be various reasons for abnormal blood samples other than
performance-enhancing drugs. Illness, altitude training and pregnancy can all
influence values.
The
latest claims come after a turbulent few months for athletics.
In
December, ARD/WRD alleged systematic doping in Russian athletics and implicated the IAAF in covering up the problem. The Russian Athletics
Federation called the allegations lies, and IAAF president Lamine Diack denied
any collusion, although he did admit to the BBC that his sport was "in crisis". Both the IAAF
and WADA are investigating the allegations.
The
German documentary-makers also claimed an unnamed member of the IAAF medical
commission had a list of 150 suspicious blood samples from 2001 to 2008 that
were not investigated. Diack described this as "ridiculous".
The
IAAF insisted that the whistle-blower would not have known if follow-up tests
had been conducted and pointed out that its athlete biological passport scheme
was only launched in 2009 and samples before that date did "not have the
same level of reliability and strength as the post-2009 values which were
collected under strict and stringent conditions".
In
June, the BBC's Panorama programme alleged that Mo Fara's coach Alberto Salazar violated various anti-doping rules
with other athletes. He denies the allegations, and there is no suggestion that
double Olympic champion Farah was guilty of any wrongdoing. UK Anti-Doping and
the US Anti-Doping Agency are investigating the claims.
Although
it was one of the first sports to introduce the biological passport, athletics
has a chequered history of drug scandals, from East Germany's years of state-sponsored doping
through to the Balco affair in 2002.
These
latest claims could lead to renewed calls for countries to be banned from
international competition, and there will be more scrutiny of powerhouse
athletics nations like Russia and Kenya. In January, marathon champion Rita Jeptoo became the 45th Kenyan to fail a doping test, while 25
Russian walkers have been suspended for doping offences in the past six years.
London
2012's reputation as the cleanest Games in 50 years will also be questioned, as
the sport struggles to assert its credibility and reputation.
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